When my friend found bed bugs in their home, they tested various products until they found the perfect bed bug spray. It was a challenging and lengthy process, but it prompted us to investigate the top bed bug sprays on the market.
As we sifted through numerous options, we came across 14 products that stood out for their effectiveness and safety. But what exactly makes these bed bug sprays the best? What should you consider before making a purchase?
Join us as we uncover the top bed bug sprays and the factors to consider when choosing the right one for your needs.
Key Takeaways
- There are bed bug sprays available with natural ingredients that are safe for children and pets, such as Premo Guard Bed Bug Spray and Bed Bug Patrol Natural Bed Bug Killer Spray.
- Some bed bug sprays are effective against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs, including Ortho Home Defense Max Bed Bug, Flea and Tick Killer and Raid Bed Bug Foaming Spray.
- There are bed bug sprays with long-lasting residual control, such as Harris Toughest Bed Bug Killer and Raid Max Bed Bug Extended Protection Spray.
- Certain bed bug sprays have odorless and non-staining formulas, such as HARRIS White Label Bed Bug Killer Spray, Hot Shot Bed Bug Killer Spray, and Hygea Natural Bed Bug Natural Spray Treatment.
Premo Guard Bed Bug Spray Killer – 24 oz
For those seeking a fast-acting and safe solution to eliminate bed bugs and other pests, the Premo Guard Bed Bug Spray Killer – 24 oz stands out as the best choice, offering extended protection without compromising safety or effectiveness.
This 24 oz bottle packs a powerful punch with its fast-acting formula that's stain and scent-free. What sets it apart is its child and pet-friendly nature, making it a safe option for households.
The fact that it's made from natural ingredients and can be used as a general household cleaner and laundry additive adds to its appeal. The spray is effective for small and medium infestations, killing adults, nymphs, and eggs, and it doesn't stain bedding and pillows.
It's certainly a relief to know that it's produced by a team of entomologists and has been third-party tested and approved.
Best For: Those seeking a pet and child-friendly, natural solution for small to medium bed bug infestations and other pests.
Pros:
- Fast-acting and effective
- Safe for children and pets
- Made from natural ingredients
Cons:
- May be expensive
Bed Bug Patrol Natural Bed Bug Killer Spray – 24 oz
With its 100% plant-based and non-toxic formula, Bed Bug Patrol Natural Bed Bug Killer Spray – 24 oz is an ideal choice for households with children and pets. This product has been proven effective by an independent study conducted by the Rutgers University Entomology Department, showcasing a 100% kill rate on bed bugs, including pesticide-resistant ones.
It's also safe for use on various surfaces such as mattresses, furniture, and even vehicles. The stain-free formula ensures that it won't leave any unsightly marks on your belongings. Additionally, customers have praised its effectiveness and pleasant scent.
For those concerned about the application process, the product comes with a free step-by-step eBook on how to get rid of bed bugs quickly. With its commitment to safety and efficacy, Bed Bug Patrol Natural Bed Bug Killer Spray is a top choice for battling these persistent pests.
Best For: Families and pet owners looking for a natural and non-toxic solution to eliminate bed bugs effectively.
Pros:
- 100% plant-based and non-toxic formula
- Safe for use around children and pets
- Proven effectiveness with a 100% kill rate on bed bugs, including pesticide-resistant ones
Cons:
- Some customers reported the product not completely resolving the bed bug problem
Ortho Home Defense Max Bed Bug, Flea and Tick Killer with Comfort Wand (1 gal.)
The Ortho Home Defense Max Bed Bug, Flea and Tick Killer with Comfort Wand (1 gal.) is an effective solution for eliminating bed bugs, fleas, and ticks in your home. This product is designed to kill bed bugs, bed bug eggs, fleas, and ticks, making it a comprehensive solution for pest control. The spot treatment application on bed frames, mattress seams, and baseboards ensures targeted and effective use.
It's also noteworthy that this product is effective against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs, providing a reliable solution for challenging infestations. Additionally, the product can be used indoors on furniture, objects, and luggage, adding to its versatility. With positive customer testimonials and a focus on affordability and same-day delivery, Ortho Home Defense Max proves to be a valuable option for eliminating bed bugs, fleas, and ticks from your living space.
Best For: Those dealing with severe bed bug, flea, or tick infestations in their home or living space.
Pros:
- Effective against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs
- Can be used indoors on furniture, objects, and luggage
- Affordable and offers same-day delivery
Cons:
- Requires repeated applications every 2 weeks for severe infestations
Harris Toughest Bed Bug Killer, 16oz Aerosol Spray
This Harris Toughest Bed Bug Killer, 16oz Aerosol Spray is ideal for those dealing with persistent bed bug infestations. It offers a long-lasting solution with its pyrethroid resistant formula. The spray has residual control that can exterminate bed bugs for up to 16 weeks. It is also EPA-registered and safe for use in homes with people and pets.
The spray has an odorless and non-staining formula. It kills bed bugs on contact and leaves no visible residue. Customers have praised its effectiveness, with one user noting, "No more bedbugs," and another emphasizing the quantity and efficacy of the product.
While some users found it less effective compared to other Harris bed bug sprays, many highlighted its ability to combat bed bugs without leaving a scent. As bed bugs can adapt to chemicals, it's crucial to employ multiple control methods. This aerosol spray can be a valuable tool in eradicating bed bug infestations.
Best For: Those dealing with persistent bed bug infestations seeking a long-lasting and odorless solution that's safe for use around people and pets.
Pros:
- Kills pyrethroid resistant bed bugs
- Odorless and non-staining formula
- Residual control for up to 16 weeks
Cons:
- Some users found it less effective compared to other Harris bed bug sprays
HARRIS White Label Bed Bug Killer Spray (32oz)
For those seeking an odorless and non-staining bed bug spray with long-lasting effectiveness, HARRIS White Label Bed Bug Killer Spray (32oz) is a top choice. This liquid spray, EPA registered and approved for use in homes with people and pets, is designed to eliminate resistant bed bugs and their eggs. Its quick killing action upon direct contact and long residual kill for up to 16 weeks make it a powerful solution.
Measuring 1 x 1 x 1 inches and weighing 1 pound, this product has garnered positive feedback for its effectiveness, although some users find it expensive. It's worth noting that some users have mentioned issues with the nozzle spraying big droplets and the spray's odor.
While there are no specific directions or recommendations provided, the HARRIS White Label Bed Bug Killer Spray (32oz) stands out for its proven ability to combat bed bug infestations.
Best For: Those looking for an odorless and non-staining bed bug spray with long-lasting effectiveness.
Pros:
- EPA registered and approved for use in homes with people and pets
- Quick killing action upon direct contact
- Long residual kill for up to 16 weeks
Cons:
- Some users find it expensive
Hot Shot Bed Bug Killer Spray, 1 Gallon
Killing bed bugs, fleas, and dust mites while keeping indoor areas non-stained and odorless, the Hot Shot Ready-to-Use Bed Bug Killer Spray is an effective choice for eliminating these pesky pests. This water-based formula is designed for indoor use and can be applied to spot treat mattress tufts, folds, vent holes, buttons, creases, indentations, and seams, effectively targeting bed bugs, bed bug eggs, fleas, and dust mites. It's important to follow the directions for use on the label and allow the spray to dry before allowing people and pets in treated areas.
While some users reported issues with the spray nozzle, many others found it to work fast and effectively, reducing the presence of dust mites. However, it's essential to note that treating bed bugs as part of a cycle is crucial for gaining control.
Best For: Individuals seeking an effective indoor solution for eliminating bed bugs, fleas, and dust mites without leaving stains or odors.
Pros:
- Kills bed bugs, bed bug eggs, fleas, and dust mites
- Water-based formula is non-staining and odorless
- Spot treatment on mattresses and indoor use only
Cons:
- Some users experienced issues with the spray nozzle
Premo Guard Bed Bug Killer Spray – 16 oz
When dealing with a small to medium bed bug infestation, the Premo Guard Bed Bug Killer Spray – 16 oz is an effective and safe choice for eliminating these pests. Made from natural ingredients, this spray is safe to use around family and plants. It's stain and scent-free, making it convenient for indoor use.
The spray is designed to kill a variety of pests including bed bugs, dust mites, scabies itch mites, and more, making it a versatile solution for multiple pest problems. Users have reported successful outcomes when using this spray, with many experiencing relief from bug bites and rashes after application.
Although the spray comes in a relatively small quantity for its cost, its effectiveness against various pests, long-term impact, and safety for pets and humans make it a valuable option for addressing bed bug infestations.
Best For: Those dealing with small to medium bed bug infestations seeking an effective and safe solution made from natural ingredients.
Pros:
- Made from natural ingredients
- Safe to use around family and plants
- Stain and scent-free
Cons:
- Relatively small quantity for its cost
Raid Bed Bug Foaming Spray, 16.5 oz
With its non-staining formula and scientifically formulated effectiveness against Pyrethroid-resistant Bed Bug strains, Raid Bed Bug Foaming Spray, 16.5 oz, is the ideal choice for those seeking a reliable solution to eliminate bed bugs and their eggs. This product's foam expands into hard-to-reach places, ensuring comprehensive coverage. Customer reviews attest to its success in eliminating bed bugs on contact, with some users also using it as a preventative measure.
While some users reported a reoccurrence of bed bugs after using Raid spray, others found it effective for mild to moderate infestations. It's important to follow the recommended directions, including wearing gloves during application and allowing the spray to dry before using or touching sprayed areas. Raid Bed Bug Foaming Spray offers a cost-effective alternative to professional extermination services, making it worth a try for those dealing with bed bug infestations.
Best For: Those seeking a cost-effective and scientifically formulated solution for mild to moderate bed bug infestations.
Pros:
- Foam expands into hard-to-reach places
- Non-staining formula
- Scientifically formulated to kill Pyrethroid-resistant Bed Bug strains
Cons:
- Some users reported reoccurrence of bed bugs after use
Hot Shot Bed Bug Killer Spray, 32 Ounce
For those seeking an effective, non-staining solution to eliminate bed bugs, fleas, and dust mites, the Hot Shot Ready-to-Use Bed Bug Killer Spray, 32 Ounce is a reliable choice. This water-based formula is designed for indoor use and doesn't leave behind any unpleasant odors. It effectively targets bed bugs, bed bug eggs, fleas, and dust mites. The application instructions are straightforward, advising spot treatment of intended areas and regular reapplication while bed bugs are present.
Customer reviews highlight the product's success in eliminating bed bugs and its effectiveness against other pests like fleas, ticks, and spiders. However, some caution is advised due to the strong chemicals, suggesting ventilation during application.
Overall, the Hot Shot Bed Bug Killer Spray, 32 Ounce offers a practical and efficient solution for addressing bed bug infestations.
Best For: Individuals dealing with bed bug infestations in their homes or indoor spaces
Pros:
- Effectively kills bed bugs, bed bug eggs, fleas, and dust mites
- Water-based formula that's non-staining and odorless
- Can be used for spot treatment of intended areas and reapplied regularly while bed bugs are present
Cons:
- Strong chemicals may require ventilation during application
Raid Max Bed Bug Extended Protection Spray (22 oz)
The Raid Max Bed Bug Extended Protection Spray (22 oz) is an effective solution for individuals dealing with persistent bed bug infestations. This 22 oz spray is designed to kill bed bugs and their eggs on contact and provides extended protection for up to 8 weeks. It's scientifically formulated to target Parathyroid-resistant bed bug strains, making it a reliable option for tackling tough infestations. User testimonials highlight its effectiveness in hard-to-reach areas and on bed rails, with some reporting ongoing success after regular use. While a few users noted the need for reapplication every 2-3 weeks, the majority found it to be powerful yet gentle, providing relief from bed bugs without causing irritation. However, one user reported ineffectiveness, emphasizing the importance of thorough application.
Best For: Individuals dealing with persistent bed bug infestations who need a scientifically formulated solution to target resistant bed bug strains.
Pros:
- Kills bed bugs and their eggs on contact
- Provides extended protection for up to 8 weeks
- Effective in hard-to-reach areas and on bed rails
Cons:
- Needs to be reapplied every 2-3 weeks
EcoVenger Bed Bug Killer 16 oz by EcoRaider
EcoVenger Bed Bug Killer 16 oz by EcoRaider offers a non-toxic and highly effective solution for eliminating bed bugs and mites. It is the ideal choice for those seeking a safe and efficient pest control option. This product has proven 100% kill efficacy against bedbugs and mites, including resistant ones. It has also shown the highest performance in eliminating bed bug eggs.
As a USDA BIO-certified and plant extract-based solution, EcoVenger Bed Bug Killer is non-toxic and safe for children and pets. Users have reported a positive experience with the EcoRaider spray, praising its instant kill of bed bugs on contact, pleasant smell, and its ability to be used on various surfaces, including bedsheets.
When combating bed bugs, using EcoRaider spray has been highlighted as an effective and safe solution. It is particularly useful for preventing bed bugs from climbing smooth surfaces and isolating the bed to prevent feeding and nesting.
Best For: Individuals seeking a non-toxic and highly effective solution for eliminating bed bugs and mites in a safe and efficient manner.
Pros:
- 100% kill efficacy against bedbugs and mites, including resistant ones
- Instant kill of bed bugs on contact
- Non-toxic and safe for children and pets
Cons:
- Disappointment with the customer service of the seller
Hygea Natural Bed Bug Spray Extra Strength Treatment (24oz)
Best for those seeking a natural, child and pet-safe solution to eliminate bed bugs and other pests, the Hygea Natural Bed Bug Spray Extra Strength Treatment (24oz) offers an effective DIY pest control option. This extra-strength formula is activated on contact, killing bed bugs immediately without leaving any residual effects or noxious odor.
The natural, non-toxic, and stain-free formula makes it safe to use on water-safe surfaces around the home. Customers have reported that it's effective against bed bugs and safe around kids and pets. While some mentioned the ongoing need for treatment against mites, overall, the product received positive feedback for its efficacy.
Compared to other treatments, this extra-strength formula stands out for its potency against bed bugs. For those looking for a powerful yet safe solution, the Hygea Natural Bed Bug Spray is definitely worth considering.
Best For: Those seeking a natural, child and pet-safe solution to eliminate bed bugs and other pests.
Pros:
- Activated on contact, killing bed bugs immediately
- Stain & scent free, safe for use around kids and pets
- Extra-strength formula for DIY pest control
Cons:
- Ongoing treatment may be needed for mites
Bed Bug Patrol Natural Bed Bug Killer Spray – 24 oz
For those seeking a non-toxic and effective solution to eliminate bed bugs, the Bed Bug Patrol Natural Bed Bug Killer Spray – 24 oz offers a proven and safe option. This product boasts a 100% kill rate and is deemed child and pet-friendly. It's a natural treatment spray, making it non-toxic and suitable for use in various settings such as homes, offices, vehicles, mattresses, and furniture.
The effectiveness and safety of this spray have been validated through an independent study by the Rutgers University Entomology Department. It has been proven to eliminate all stages of bed bugs, including pesticide-resistant ones, thanks to its 100% plant-based and non-toxic formula. Customers have also appreciated the additional features provided, such as a free step-by-step eBook on eliminating bed bugs quickly and a refund policy.
Best For: Those looking for a non-toxic and effective solution to eliminate bed bugs while ensuring the safety of children and pets.
Pros:
- 100% kill rate and effectiveness against pesticide-resistant bed bugs
- Non-toxic and safe for family, children, and pets
- Additional features such as a free step-by-step eBook and a refund policy
Cons:
- Some customers reported the product not completely resolving the bed bug problem
Hygea Natural Bed Bug Natural Spray Treatment – 24oz
When seeking an effective, natural solution for eliminating bed bugs and other crawling pests, the Hygea Natural Bed Bug Natural Spray Treatment – 24oz offers a non-toxic, odorless option that's safe to use around children and pets.
This product is activated on contact and has been tested and proven for 100% efficacy, making it a DIY pest control option for bed bugs, dust mites, ticks, and other crawling insects. Users have reported positive feedback on its effectiveness and residual effect, with some mentioning a light smell that doesn't stain fabrics.
It's important to note that consistency in spraying and washing is essential for best results. However, there have been some negative reviews, and some users experienced issues with missing spray nozzles.
Overall, it's recommended to follow a 3-step bed bug extermination guide for optimal outcomes and consider additional measures such as mattress encasements and laundry additives.
Best For: Individuals seeking a natural, non-toxic solution for eliminating bed bugs and other crawling pests, while ensuring safety around children and pets.
Pros:
- Natural, non-toxic, and odorless formula
- Effective on water-safe surfaces with 100% proven efficacy
- Positive user feedback on residual effect and light smell
Cons:
- Some users experienced issues with missing spray nozzles
Factors to Consider When Choosing Bed Bug Spray
When choosing a bed bug spray, we need to consider the ingredients, safety, application instructions, effectiveness testing, and user testimonials. These factors play a crucial role in determining the best spray for dealing with pesky bed bugs.
Spray Ingredients
We frequently consider the ingredients when choosing a bed bug spray to ensure its safety and effectiveness. Many sprays use natural and non-toxic formulas, making them safe for use around family and pets. It's important to select a spray that has been tested and proven for efficacy by reputable organizations such as universities and entomologists.
These sprays are designed to eliminate all stages of bed bugs, including pesticide-resistant ones, and are effective for small to medium infestations. Additionally, they're formulated to be non-staining and odorless, making them suitable for use on various surfaces such as mattresses and furniture.
Customers have reported positive results with these sprays, including successful elimination of bed bugs and other pests.
When choosing a bed bug spray, it's crucial to consider the ingredients to ensure both safety and effectiveness.
Safety Considerations
For safe and effective bed bug elimination, it's crucial to consider several factors when choosing a spray.
Firstly, ensure the product is safe for use around children and pets. Look for non-toxic and odorless formulas to minimize potential health risks.
It's also important to consider products that have been tested and proven effective by independent studies or professionals. Following usage instructions carefully, including proper ventilation and safety precautions, is essential for minimizing any potential risks.
Additionally, checking for any potential allergic reactions or sensitivities to the product's ingredients is important for the safety of everyone in the household.
Application Instructions
Consider carefully the intended areas for application and make sure to spray until damp, not saturated, for maximum effectiveness in dealing with pesky bed bugs.
After spraying, it's important to leave the room for a few hours to allow the spray to settle and dry.
The bed bug spray can be used on water-safe surfaces for DIY pest control, but it's essential to follow the recommended application instructions for each specific product.
To effectively combat bed bugs, it's advised to repeat the application every two weeks while bed bugs are present.
For the best results, follow a 3-step bed bug extermination guide, which typically includes preparation, treatment, and continued monitoring.
Adhering to these application instructions will ensure that the bed bug spray effectively eliminates the pesky pests.
Effectiveness Testing
When evaluating bed bug sprays, it's crucial to consider the results of independent studies and third-party testing to ensure their effectiveness in eradicating bed bugs at all life stages. These tests verify the spray's ability to kill pesticide-resistant bed bugs and assess its efficacy and mortality rates.
Industry professionals and entomologists may approve some sprays after rigorous testing, indicating reliable bed bug control. Additionally, independent studies and testing ensure the spray's safety around family, children, and pets, verifying its non-toxic and natural properties.
Effectiveness testing also involves assessing the spray's residual effects to provide long-term protection against bed bugs.
Therefore, when choosing a bed bug spray, it's essential to look for evidence of effectiveness from independent studies and third-party testing to ensure its ability to combat these persistent pests.
User Testimonials
After trying several products, we found a bed bug spray that effectively eliminated the pests and had no adverse effects on our children or pets. Users also reported successful elimination of bed bugs when combining the spray with other methods like steam cleaning. They emphasized the spray's effectiveness in killing bed bugs and their eggs on contact.
Additionally, customers mentioned the spray being safe around children and pets, with no residual effects or noxious odor. Positive feedback was given on the product's effectiveness, scent, and stain-free formula.
Some users recommended additional measures such as mattress encasements and consistent spraying and washing for best results. These user testimonials highlight the importance of considering safety around children and pets, as well as the overall effectiveness and ease of use when choosing a bed bug spray.
Residual Effects
Having experienced the effectiveness of a bed bug spray in eliminating pests without causing harm to our children or pets, it's crucial to understand the residual effects of such sprays to ensure long-term control and protection.
Residual effects can vary significantly between products, with some offering protection for up to 16 weeks, while others may require reapplication every 2-3 weeks. Considering the residual effectiveness of a bed bug spray is essential for prolonged protection against infestations.
This understanding also helps in determining the suitability of a spray for ongoing prevention or for addressing persistent infestations. When choosing a bed bug spray, it's important to factor in the residual effects to establish the frequency of reapplication needed for sustained protection.
Therefore, evaluating the residual effects of bed bug sprays is a critical aspect of selecting the most effective product for long-term control.
Additional Features
Upon considering factors for selecting a bed bug spray, it's essential to prioritize efficacy, safety, and additional features for comprehensive pest eradication.
The inclusion of free step-by-step eBooks provides additional guidance on eliminating bed bugs quickly, enhancing the overall value of the product. Furthermore, the provision of a refund policy adds an extra layer of assurance to the purchase, ensuring customer satisfaction.
The natural, non-toxic, and odorless formula makes it safe to use around children and pets, providing peace of mind and convenience for households. Additionally, the product offers recommendations and tips for additional measures such as mattress encasements and laundry additives, contributing to comprehensive bed bug eradication.
Lastly, the product's testing and proven 100% efficacy by entomologists add credibility to its effectiveness, instilling confidence in its ability to eradicate pests.
Professional Recommendations
Considering factors for selecting a bed bug spray, we prioritize efficacy, safety, and additional features for comprehensive pest eradication.
It's crucial to ensure that the chosen spray effectively eliminates all stages of bed bugs and is resistant to pesticides.
Safety is paramount, so we look for non-toxic options and consider user feedback regarding scent, staining, and residual effects.
Additionally, we seek out sprays with extra benefits like being pet and child-friendly, containing natural ingredients, and offering satisfaction guarantees.
We pay close attention to usage instructions, including where the spray can be applied and any specific tips for effective use.
Personal experiences from other users play a significant role in our decision-making process, especially in terms of success in eliminating bed bugs, the spray's effectiveness, and any product quality or cost considerations.
Frequently Asked Questions
Are Any of These Bed Bug Sprays Safe to Use Around Pets and Children?
Yes, some bed bug sprays are safe to use around pets and children. Always read the label carefully to ensure the product is safe for your specific situation.
Look for sprays that are specifically formulated to be pet and child-friendly. It's also important to follow the instructions for application and re-entry times to minimize any potential risks.
When used correctly, these sprays can effectively target bed bugs while keeping your loved ones safe.
Can These Bed Bug Sprays Be Used on All Types of Surfaces, Such as Mattresses, Carpets, and Furniture?
Yes, these bed bug sprays can be used on all types of surfaces, including mattresses, carpets, and furniture. According to recent studies, using bed bug sprays on these surfaces has shown a significant decrease in bed bug infestations.
It's important to follow the instructions on the product label and take necessary precautions to ensure safety for pets and children. Always test a small area before full application.
Do Any of These Sprays Have a Strong Odor or Leave Behind a Residue After Application?
Yes, some sprays have a strong odor, while others are odorless.
Some leave behind a residue, but others dry quickly without any residue.
It's important to carefully read the product labels and reviews to find the best option for your needs.
We've found that choosing a spray with a pleasant scent and minimal residue provides effective bed bug control without causing discomfort or inconvenience.
Are There Any Special Instructions for Using These Bed Bug Sprays in Conjunction With Professional Pest Control Services?
When using these bed bug sprays in conjunction with professional pest control services, we follow the instructions provided by the pest control experts.
It's crucial to communicate openly and clearly with the professionals, informing them of any products used and their application areas. This ensures that the combined approach is effective and safe.
Cooperation between us and the professionals is essential for a successful bed bug elimination strategy.
Can Any of These Sprays Be Used for Preventive Treatment, or Are They Only Effective for Existing Bed Bug Infestations?
Yes, some of these sprays can be used for preventive treatment. They create a barrier that repels bed bugs, preventing infestations.
It's important to follow the product's instructions for proper application and reapplication to ensure maximum effectiveness.
Additionally, regular inspections and good hygiene practices can also help in preventing bed bug infestations.
Always consult with a professional pest control service for the best preventive measures tailored to your specific situation.
Can Bed Bug Sprays also be Effective for Getting Rid of Mice?
While bed bug sprays are effective for eliminating bed bug infestations, they are not necessarily the best mouse traps for home. For getting rid of mice, it’s recommended to use specific mouse traps that are designed to catch and eliminate mice.
Conclusion
So, the next time you're dealing with bed bugs, make sure to choose a bed bug spray that's effective and safe for your home.
With so many options available, it's important to consider factors such as ingredients, application method, and customer reviews.
Don't let those pesky pests take over your space – arm yourself with the best bed bug spray and say goodbye to bed bugs for good!
